Some of the parts are bound to have relative motion between parts, intermeshing, material differentiation and so on. While manufacturing complex mechanical products, it is essential to divide them into components and sub assemblies. Mechanical tolerances are fact of life and cannot be avoided. In addition, there are international standards (International Tolerance Grade) that define their own grades of tolerances. It is therefore necessary to achieve optimum tolerances so that the performance of the product is not hampered and that it becomes economically viable for the manufacturer.īoth the ANSI and ISO have devised various standards to define tolerance. In general, the tighter the tolerances, the more expensive the components and the machines that are needed to produce these components. However, a tolerance (play) of 2 mm between a block and the piston of the cylinder is completely unacceptable, as it would affect the performance of the engine drastically. As an example, a tolerance of 2 mm is quite acceptable while considering the overall length of an automobile. Tolerance analysis is therefore very critical for reducing manufacturing cost while maintaining desired product quality. However, the cost of production grows exponentially when the manufacturer strives to attend ‘zero tolerance’. All manufacturers would like to maintain high quality in their products. Tolerance is a critical bridge between designing and manufacturing. Why is tolerance consideration important? Tolerance plays an important role in determining the quality the tighter the tolerance, better the quality of the object / assembly. The moving parts have a definite relationship with each other how precisely they work together as an entity determines the quality of that product. Parts of a mechanical product / object are designed in order to make them function properly. Tolerances can be defined in various ways e.g nominal size, basic size, bilateral tolerance, unilateral tolerance, etc. Tolerance is the allowable variation for any given size in order to achieve a proper function, and equals the difference between lower and upper limit dimensions.
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